How can a self-styled publisher/editor/reporter have “One Of The Oldest Women In The World” living in his community of only 20,000 people and not know it?
Or, how did the Washington Post and suburban news outlets miss what the residents in a historically Black community were telling them for years about an old bridge?
I am looking for sources who can speak to the role journalism plays in gentrification and erasure. Have a story? Let’s talk.
In the spring of 2021, a group of Decatur, Ga., residents approached local institutions with a request for information about the history of Juneteenth in the city. They wrote to the DeKalb History Center and to city officials, including assistant city manager Linda Harris.
Harris replied to an initial query by directing the group to the City’s “Historic Decatur” web page and to a page dedicated to the history of Decatur’s erased Beacon community. It’s curious that Harris would direct someone asking about Black history in Decatur to the “Historic Decatur” page because the information there only discusses white history and Black history is completely absent. In fact, the page is such a clearcut example of whitewashed history that I use in in my lectures, one as recently as August 6, 2022.
Professional accomplishments directly resulting from my research in and about Decatur, Georgia, 2011-2023. No, it’s not a game.
September 6, 2023: “Decatur Day and the History of Serial Displacement in an Atlanta Suburb.” The Metropole (Urban History Association blog).
April 24, 2023: “Our Missing Middle Housing Didn’t Just Go Missing. It Was Torn Down.” Next City.
August 6, 2022: “Heirs, History, and Land: Recovering and Conserving Black Spaces and Stories.” Featured presentation, Shelton Family Settlement at Possum Trot Family Reunion and Historical Marker Unveiling, Berry College, Rome, Georgia. (Delivered remotely.)
July 2022: Agnes Scott College is awarded a $750,000 Mellon Foundation grant to conduct research, community engagement, and develop curriculum on race and racism in Decatur, Ga. The grant application relied on my research; the institution wrote that if the grant is awarded that the college would seek to hire me as a researcher and adjunct professor. It would have been nice if Agnes Scott College had consulted with me prior to using my name and my credentials in the application. Needless to say, I did not collaborate with Agnes Scott College on its project.
January 2022: Georgia Tech History Professor Todd Michney invites me to participate in a panel on redlining, housing and race for the 2022 Atlanta Studies Symposium. My paper was accepted and the panel was scheduled to present on May 6, 2022. My participation in planning the session included providing the name for the panel, “Spatial Imaginaries, Racial Realities: Boundaries and a Changing Atlanta Metropolitan Area.” Work obligations in Pittsburgh prevented me from presenting my paper.
June 2021: The City of Decatur in collaboration with the Beacon Hill Black Alliance for Human Rights developed a Juneteenth walking tour of downtown Decatur based entirely on a walking tour that I designed for the National Council on Public History’s 2020 Atlanta conference, the “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour (see below).
May 29, 2021: Members of The Beacon Hill Black Alliance for Human Rights invited me to be a speaker at the 2021 Decatur Juneteenth celebration.
May 28, 2021: The Beacon Hill Black Alliance for Human Rights invited me to be a member of its Reparations Committee.
May 5, 2021: Invited presentation of a virtual version of the “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour for Decatur High School educators and professional staff.
April 21, 2021: Invited virtual presentation, “Gentrification’s Consequences in Decatur: Displacement, Erasure, and the Environment,” to students enrolled in Agnes Scott College’s history program.
April 20, 2021: Members of the Beacon Hill Black Alliance for Human Rights and the Coalition for a Diverse Decatur & Coalition for a Diverse Dekalb invited me to give an illustrated virtual presentation about asset mapping.
March 22, 2021: “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour presented virtually for a class in Agnes Scott College’s Department of History.
March 7, 2021: Invited presentation of a virtual version of the “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour for the Episcopal Church of the Epiphany, Decatur, Georgia.
October 9, 2020: Invited Presentation, “Silver Spring Sundown Suburb,” for The Well Community Church in Silver Spring, Maryland.
September 23, 2020: Invited presentation of a virtual version of the “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour for the Beacon Hill Black Alliance for Human Rights.
September 23, 2020: Invited presentation, “A Path to Reconciliation and Repair: Telling the Full Story on Race and History in Montgomery County,” for members of the Montgomery County, Maryland, Bar.
September 10, 2020: “A Virtual Walking Tour in Decatur, Georgia: Linking Race, History, Community,” published in History@Work (National Council on Public History).
July 27, 2020: “Decatur Displaced and Erased” presented virtually for the Goucher College Masters in Historic Preservation Program and Decatur, Ga., community members. This event was documented in my Sept. 10, 2020, History@Work Article, “A Virtual Walking Tour in Decatur, Georgia: Linking Race, History, and Community.”
March 21, 2020: “Decatur Displaced and Erased: The Black Experience in Decatur, Georgia” walking tour conducted for the National Council on Public History 2020 annual conference. The conference and walking tour shifted online after the onset of the Covid pandemic.
February 7, 2020: “Decatur Displaced and Erased” walking tour and classroom lecture, Agnes Scott College Department of History, Decatur, Ga.
2020: Brock, Julia, Elayne Washington Hunter, Robin Morris, and Shaneé Murrain. “‘Send Out a Little Light’: The Antioch A.M.E. Digital Archive.” In Digital Community Engagement: Partnering Communities with the Academy, edited by Rebecca S. Wingo, Jason A. Heppler, and Paul Schaderwald, 2020. Book chapter inspired by “Antioch’s Eyes” (see below).
October 18, 2019: “Historic Preservation and Folklore: Dismantling the Diversity Deficit” delivered at the 2019 American Folklore Society meeting, Baltimore, Maryland.
October 2019: Published: “The Decatur Plan: Folklore, Historic Preservation, and the Black Experience in Gentrifying Spaces.” The Journal of American Folklore 132, no. 526 (2019): 431–51.
August 14, 2019: Bethesda Magazine reports that the Montgomery County, Md., school system completed an audit of school names in the wake of the decision to rename E. Brooke Lee Middle School (see below).
April 13, 2019: Invited lecture, “Silver Spring: A Sundown Suburb in the Capital’s Gateway,” Gwendolyn E. Coffield Community Center, Silver Spring, Md.
April 5, 2019: Invited panelist, “A Conversation on Atlanta, Georgia,” sponsored by the Black Geographies Specialty Group, American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.
April 2, 2019: Invited lecture, “Sundown Suburbs,” University of Maryland African American Studies Program.
March 13, 2019: “Competing Histories or Hidden Transcripts? The Sources We Use,” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog).
February 14, 2019: Montgomery County newspapers report on request by County Council President to change the name of E. Brooke Lee Middle School. My March 2017 Washington Post article, “There’s More to Fighting Racism than Getting Rid of a Confederate Statue,” is cited as the impetus. Umaña, José. “Navarro Requests Name Change for Middle School,” The Montgomery County Sentinel.
2018: “Producing and Protesting Invisibility in Silver Spring, Maryland.” In Demand the Impossible: Essays in History as Activism, edited by Nathan Wuertenberg and William Horne, 89–111. Washington, D.C.: Westphalia Press, 2018.
September 14, 2017: “Why Diversity Initiatives Rarely Make Gentrifying Neighborhoods More Equitable.” Next City (blog), September 14, 2017.
March 5, 2017: “There’s More to Fighting Racism than Getting Rid of a Confederate Statue.” The Washington Post, March 5, 2017.
December 14, 2016. Ritter, Ellie. “Tearing Down Decatur’s History: As Luxurious Houses Replace Small Homes, Gentrification Forces Minorities Out.” Carpe Diem (Decatur High School Student Magazine), December 14, 2016. I was interviewed for the article and I provided the illustrations.
July 11, 2016: Zainaldin, Jamil. “Digital History in the Making with Antioch A.M.E. History Project.” Saporta Report (blog), July 11, 2016.
April 14, 2016: “(Re)-Imagining Decatur: Gentrification, Race, and History in a Southern Suburb,” Delta Symposium, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas.
February 18, 2016: “Tearing Down Oakhurst: An Oral History of Gentrification.” Documentary screening and discussion of gentrification, The Potter’s House, Washington, D.C.
2016: David Rotenstein Collection, Antioch A.M.E. Digital Archive.
2016: “Historic Preservation Shines a Light on a Dark Past.” In Preserving Places: Reflections on the National Historic Preservation Act at Fifty from The Public Historian, edited by Tamara Gaskell, 18–19. National Council on Public History, 2016.
October 27, 2015: “I Had to Move After Exposing the Seamy History of the City of Decatur, Georgia.” History News Network (blog).
July 28, 2015: “Historic Preservation Shines a Light on a Dark Past.” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog), July 28, 2015.
March 29, 2015: “Doing Public History: This Is What Success Can Look Like,” History News Network (blog).
March 20, 2015: “Fragile History in a Gentrifying Neighborhood.” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog).
February 22, 2015: “When a City Turns White, What Happens to Its Black History?” History News Network (blog).
October 18, 2014: “Tearing Down Oakhurst: An Oral History of Gentrification.” Documentary screening and discussion of gentrification, Oakhurst Presbyterian Church, Decatur, Ga.
September 2014: “Antioch’s Eyes,” The Anchor (newsletter of Antioch A.M.E. Church), pp. 1-2, Stone Mountain, Ga. Article reprinted from a blog post, “Antioch’s Eyes,” published on my site January 29, 2014.
April 14, 2014: “From Urban Homesteading to Mazeway Disintegration: Gentrification in Decatur,1975-2014.” Paper presented at the Second Annual Atlanta Studies Symposium.
April 11, 2014: “A Lesson in Racial Profiling and Historical Relevance,” Decatur-Avondale Estates Patch (reprinted from History@Work).
March 11, 2014: “Tearing Down Oakhurst: An Oral History of Gentrification.” Documentary screening and discussion of gentrification, Charis Books and More, Atlanta, Ga.
April 10, 2014: “A lesson in racial profiling and historical relevance,” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog).
July 3, 2013: “Clinging to Jim Crow Through Historic Preservation.” Like the Dew (blog), July 3, 2013. Site defunct; no archive copy; Also posted on my blog, July 8, 2013 as “Separate and Unequal: Preserving Jim Crow.”
September 21, 2012: “Preservation conversations: When history at work is history at home (Part II),” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog).
September 14, 2012: “Preservation conversations: When history at work is history at home (Part I),” History@Work | National Council on Public History (blog).
May 2012: “Decatur’s African American Historic Landscape.” Reflections (Ga. State Historic Preservation Office) 10, no. 3 (May 2012): 5–7.
2012: “Reviving South Decatur Through Urban Homesteading.” Times of DeKalb, DeKalb History Center newsletter, 6, no. 2 (2012): 1, 4–5.
2011: “Decatur’s Oakhurst: A Subdivision and A Castle,” Times of DeKalb, DeKalb History Center newsletter, 5, no. 4 (2012): 2-3.
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Last week, the Silver Spring Historical Society (Silver Spring, Maryland) invited its Facebook audience to share stories about a donut shop. The society (which really isn’t a society; it’s four boomer building huggers) is short on history and steeped in nostalgia that celebrates the white supremacists who “built” Silver Spring and erases Black history. This post accepts the historical society’s request for “specific memories” of the site.
In 2015, the City of Decatur, Georgia, opened a new Black history “museum” in the Beacon Municipal Complex, the site of two historic African American schools the city demolished two years earlier. The Champion, a DeKalb County newspaper, reported on the complex opening: “The center is built on the site of the historic Black Herring Street, Beacon Elementary and Trinity High Schools. The center includes a museum that features exhibits on the history of the Beacon community.”
There’s much to be said about the “history” presented in the “museum.” The City is proud of its efforts to “preserve” Black history. “Decatur has taken steps in recent years to preserve the history of the Beacon community and to honor its spirit,” one City website proclaims. Some Black residents, however, are outraged by the many gaps and errors in the City’s story told at the Beacon complex.
The Beacon exhibits are the culmination of a century of displacement and erasure that began with the creation of a Black ghetto in downtown in the first decades of the 20th century. It continued with successive stages of slum clearance and urban renewal between 1940 and 1970. And, it continues today with large-scale public-sector redevelopment projects and gentrification. Perhaps no document better illustrates the ways that the City of Decatur has erased Black people and Black history is the 2009 citywide historic resources survey. Nowhere in the voluminous study do the words “Black” or “African American” appear. The survey furthermore found no Black history sites worthy of landmarking and preservation.
Historic Black schools being demolished in Decatur, 2013. A text panel inside the redeveloped Beacon complex reads, “The former school buildings that now house the Beacon Municipal Center are one of the few remaining landmarks of the Beacon neighborhood.”
It’s difficult to heal trauma without truth-telling. You have to uncover and acknowledge what has been done wrong before you can fully move forward. — Rev. Mark Sills, NPR, October 11, 2020.
Starting in 2016 members of the Silver Spring Historical Society (Silver Spring, Maryland) began attending my public programs (lectures, walking tours). They regularly monopolized discussion times with long-winded and disruptive comments about how their organization wasn’t racist.
In early 2018, I was invited to speak in Takoma Park, Maryland. Almost on cue, the Silver Spring Historical Society’s Marcie Stickle and Mary Reardon launched into their speeches during the Q&A. The City of Takoma Park recorded the program and posted it on YouTube. The recording captures the embodiment of white fragility in the Silver Spring Historical Society members. The clip below is from that recording.
What’s the problem with being “not racist”? It is a claim that signifies neutrality: “I am not a racist, but neither am I aggressively against racism.” But there is no neutrality in the racism struggle. — Ibram X. Kendi, How to Be an Antiracist (2019).
In my measured opinion, Silver Spring and other places like it will never heal, never move forward without community truth-telling and without abandoning the safe places where folks declare that they are not racists.
This summer I am teaching a graduate seminar on ethnography and community engagement for historic preservation. For the the final day of the virtual residency, I will be re-creating the Decatur, Georgia, walking tour that I did for the 2020 National Council on Public History (virtual) conference.
This version will be a little different because our world has changed dramatically since March. The tour focuses on the intersection of racism, municipal planning, and historic preservation. For this iteration I will be using interviews with Decatur residents that I did between 2011 and 2018.
The clips I am using drill down into how the city’s schools have reinforced structural racism, from Jim Crow segregation to efforts to resist integration to racial curriculum tracking. City leaders have weaponized the school system to create an environment that is hostile to Black children and their caretakers.
In the interviews that I did, I collected accounts of real estate speculators threatening grandparents with children in the schools. The city makes it possible for people to file anonymous tips to report children attending the schools who are not living with their parents inside the city limits. People told me about real estate speculators who approached elderly African American homeowners with unsolicited offers to sell their homes. When the homeowners declined the offers, the real estate speculators threatened to report them to the City Schools of Decatur because grandchildren or nephews and nieces were living with them.
Such reports result in removal of the children from the school system and possible fines and criminal charges for the adults.
This brief clip (which isn’t part of the tour) has one woman telling me about the city’s successful effort to purge her granddaughter from the city’s schools.
© 2020 D.S. Rotenstein
In 1990, a young married couple bought a ranch house in a Decatur, Georgia, neighborhood. I met them 21 years later and they recounted an episode that led them to ask, “What Twilight Zone have we dropped into?”
The story involved one of their new neighbors awakening them the morning after the first night in their new home. He banged on their door at 7:00 a.m. and asked them one disturbing question. In this clip, they tell me about that first day in Decatur.
Note: The couple’s names have been changed and the audio was manipulated to disguise their voices and to remove references to their names and to their new neighbor’s name.
© 2020 D.S. Rotenstein
In 2011, I started down a path towards becoming an anti-racism activist and I began dedicating my professional work to showing how historic preservation is implicated in erasure and the production of racist histories & commemorative landscapes. My work began in Decatur, GA, and Silver Spring, MD.
This video segment is from “Silver Spring: A Sundown Suburb in the Capital’s Gateway,” recorded April 13, 2019. It includes my explanation to a Silver Spring audience for how and why I became an anti-racist.
© 2020 D.S. Rotenstein
There are 53 public art installations in Silver Spring, Maryland. Only two depict historical figures. One is a mural showing President Harry Truman during a visit to the suburban community. The other is a bronze bust of Norman Lane. Earlier this week, during protests stemming from Minneapolis resident George Floyd’s murder by police, vandals twice defaced the Norman Lane “monument.”
Just Up The Pike, Facebook, June 2020.
Lots of folks know who Harry Truman was. But Norman Lane?
Lane (1911-1987) was an indigent who wandered throughout downtown Silver Spring for much of the 20th century. He was affectionately dubbed the “Mayor of Silver Spring.” In 1991 a local artist dedicated a bronze bust depicting Lane in an alley dubbed the “Mayor’s Promenade” near 8221 Georgia Avenue.
Norman Lane bust, 2017.
Lane was a well-known figure and stories of his exploits are part of Silver Spring’s oral tradition. He was able to walk into many Silver Spring restaurants, get a seat, and eat compliments of the establishment. These same places declined to serve African Americans. Or, if they did, required African Americans to go to back doors for take-out service.
The Norman Lane bust was one of 19 stops along the Silver Spring Black History tours that I gave between 2016 and 2018. I intentionally included Lane’s monument to underscore how effectively Silver Spring has whitewashed its history. While the community celebrates the memory of a colorful character in downtown art and commemorative spaces, there are no similar artworks and spaces dedicated to the community’s notable people of color (African Americans) who contributed to Silver Spring’s history.
Roscoe Nix. Source: Montgomery County Volunteer Center.
At the Norman Lane site, I talked about Roscoe Nix (1911-2012), the Alabama native and World War II veteran who worked in the U.S. departments of Labor and Justice. Nix frequently is credited with being a pioneer in Montgomery County civil rights history.
Nix served on the Maryland Human Rights Commission as its executive secretary in the 1960s; he was the first African American elected to the Montgomery County School Board (1974); and, he was the Montgomery County NAACP chapter president from 1980 to 1990.
Roscoe Nix Elementary School, 2017.
Though Montgomery County named an elementary school (several miles outside of downtown Silver Spring) for Nix in 2006, there are no monuments, markers, etc. commemorating the events in 1962 that launched Nix’s civil rights career. Nix’s contributions are invisible and the site where he cut his civil rights activism was demolished more than a decade ago.
In early 1962, shortly after Montgomery County enacted a public accommodations law, Nix and several of his white and African American coworkers went to a local restaurant in downtown Silver Spring for lunch. Nix was one of more than 600 Department of Labor employees whose offices had moved to Silver Spring the year before.
Silver Spring at the time was a “sundown suburb” and about 150 to 200 African Americans were among the agency employees relocated to Silver Spring in October 1961.
The Washington Post, October 17, 1961.
The Washington Post in October 1961 noted,
Silver Spring has a very small Negro population and a recent study by the Montgomery County Human Relations Commission showed that some eating establishments will accept Negro patronage and some will not.
The same Post article noted,
While a few of the Negro employes [sic.] are on the professional level a majority hold clerical jobs.
That 1961 move set the stage for civil rights actions over the next five years that helped remove many of the remaining Jim Crow barriers in downtown Silver Spring.
Between April and August 1962, at least four episodes of racial discrimination were documented at Crivella’s Wayside Inn on East-West Highway. Roscoe Nix was the first to file a complaint filed under the county’s public accommodation law.
Baltimore Afro-American, May 5, 1962.
The restaurant was the site of several sit-ins and street demonstrations in 1962. Over the next four years, additional complaints and litigation were filed against Crivella’s alleging
Chicago Defender, February 18, 1963.
civil rights violations. The demonstrations were widely covered by Black and white newspapers and they attracted such notables as Washington-based Julius Hobson, a leader in the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE).
Roscoe Nix’s activism got it all started.
Meanwhile, as Nix was trying to get a meal in one of Silver Spring’s restaurants, Lane was able to get seated in most establishments he entered and he was served — the food was complimentary. In segregated Silver Spring, most businesses wouldn’t take Roscoe Nix’s money and he was unwelcome in their establishments. Lane, who had no money, found comfort and nourishment throughout the community.
A Silver Spring alley was renamed to commemorate Norman Lane’s life.
I can only speculate at this point why Norman Lane’s monument is being vandalized during this period of protest and unrest over white supremacy. I hope it’s because some folks in Silver Spring recognize the irony in the community’s commemoration of a homeless white man instead of a Black civil rights leader.
Slide from “Silver Spring: A Sundown Suburb in the Capital Beltway” by David Rotenstein.
© 2020 D.S. Rotenstein