What happens to history if there’s no first draft?

Before my byline landed at the Northern Kentucky Tribune, I had worked as a freelance writer for some of the nation’s largest and smallest newsrooms, from the Philadelphia Inquirer to the “Chestnut Hill Local.” I have worked in and around journalism since 1990.

Along the way, I’ve had a front-row seat to lots of changes in journalism, many of them for the worse.

1992 story about a Pittsburgh newspaper strike published in the Philadelphia Inquirer.

The first alt-weekly I wrote for folded in 1991 after less than a year in print. Then, a year later, the New York Times Company sold many of its local newspapers, including the Atlanta Daily News, a paper I contributed to after the alt-weekly shut down.

When we moved to Covington, Kentucky, last summer, I had freelance contracts with two Pittsburgh newsrooms and I expected to continue contributing to those publications long after the move. I also had an assignment to write for Cincinnati City Beat weeks before movers packed up our household.

Those plans quickly evaporated as City Beat cut its freelance budget, NEXTpittsburgh put my work on hiatus until March and Pittsburgh City Paper went out of print on New Year’s Eve, a few days before another former employer, the “Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,” announced its 240-year run would end later this year.

The rapid contraction in journalism concerns me on multiple levels. The most obvious one is how it impacts me professionally and financially. Journalism is how I make my living.

Another way that it impacts me is as a citizen. Fewer newspapers and newsrooms means there will be even less information about the world around me. There will be less robust coverage of local government, the arts and social conditions.

Many local newsrooms already struggle to spread precious resources — a small number of reporters and small budgets — adequately to fulfill their missions to readers. Back in Pittsburgh, there was very little coverage of how a broken historic preservation regulatory regime adversely affects the city’s history and impacts local development. One editor with whom I worked confessed that they simply didn’t have the bandwidth to learn about the issues and assign reporters to cover them.

Finally, the loss of so many newsrooms and the stories they produced will impact the field where I spent more time than journalism in the past 40 years: history. As a public historian and teacher, newspaper archives were essential research tools. It’s true that journalism produces history’s first draft.

That first draft provides a roadmap for scholarly research and provides windows into events that happened long ago. The events and voices captured in news reporting are not accessible anywhere else because no one thought to save important papers or write personal accounts.

Those personal accounts range from details about major events in a community, like a catastrophic flood or heinous crime. Or, they may be about more mundane things like the decisions made by city leaders that helped to shape growth and development.

Our democracy and our society need journalism to survive. The closure or contraction of each newsroom is like a single brain cell dying. At some point, after so many brain cells die, the organism also dies.

After the Post-Gazette announced that it would be going out of print, a student reporter for Carnegie Mellon University’s newspaper interviewed me about the state of journalism and my experiences.

I laid out my concerns for how the Pittsburgh newsroom closures would impact the city and its people.

“Oftentimes, historically marginalized communities [couldn’t] get their events publicized in the mainstream press and relied upon things like alt-weeklies to get their news out,” I said about City Paper’s demise. “The only documented record that may be available for [marginalized communities] is in the archives of these alt-weeklies. If the alt-weeklies disappear, and their physical archives and digital archives also disappear, that’s going to leave historians at a great disadvantage.”

Closer to home, I wonder what’s going to happen to Cincinnati City Beat’s archives. The paper, which was struggling to stay afloat by the time we moved to Covington, ended up being purchased by another regional media company.

I also wonder about all the news that I don’t see locally, whether it’s because of slim budgets, reporters stretched too thin or corporate gatekeepers who seem to have forgotten that the news should be reported without fear or favor.

Note: A shorter version of this post was previously published.

Law And Order: The Bicyclist Runs Stop Sign Edition (Updated)

[Originally published at datelinedecatur.com, Sept. 2011. I recently learned that Decatur, Ga., attorney and tireless safe cycling advocate Ken Rosskopf died in a bike accident. Ken was a source for subsequent reporting and a beloved Decatur resident and he commented on the original post. May his memory be a blessing.]

I had my first contact with Decatur’s law enforcement community this morning. I wasn’t working on a story; I was cited for violating §40-6-72 of the Georgia Code: I failed to stop at a stop sign.

Stop sign at Oakview Road and Adams Street.

Under Georgia law, bicycles are considered vehicles and bicyclists must adhere to the same rules of the road as drivers. When police officers observe violations, like my failure to stop at the intersection of Oakview Road and Adams Street, they are required to enforce the code. It doesn’t matter that I was wearing a helmet or that I am a Decatur resident who pays Decatur taxes. I broke the law in Decatur and I am now $212.50 poorer because of it.

I am a strong advocate of multi-modal transportation options and I avoid driving my car when walking or biking will get me where I need to go. Before this morning I knew that bicyclists are subject to the same laws and enforcement actions as drivers but I irregularly applied that knowledge while biking.

R. Lindsey, the traffic officer who saw me run the stop sign and who issued the moving violation, agreed to be interviewed after he finished generating my citation. “I can understand their frustration but also they also have to look at it’s a state law,” he said as he tore the ticket from the thermal printer mounted on the back of his motorcycle.

 

Decatur police officer R. Lindsey completes the citation he issued me for running the stop sign on Oakview Road.

In his decade on the Decatur force Lindsey has witnessed a lot of cyclists riding unsafely, as I was this morning. “I’ve seen bicyclists running red lights, running stop signs,” he said. There are ways around that in the sense that when it comes to taking different routes or just taking the time to stop and make sure you are looking.”

I asked Lindsey what my take away from our encounter should be. “That’s really up to you. That’s not for me to decide,” he replied. “We know what we are supposed to do and not supposed to do. I wouldn’t want to put my life in jeopardy — Just because a bicyclist is not seeing anything, it doesn’t mean there’s not something there. Just the same with a car driver.”

He added, “Even if you go through a stop sign or a red light, you don’t think it’s horrible but if a car does hit you, when you committed the violation, that person’s never going to forget that.”

After discussing my infraction and bike safety in general, Lindsey told me that Decatur police officers will be getting some training on bike safety issues. I contacted his supervisor, Sgt. Tim Karolyi, who said that Decatur officers will be attending sessions where they will discuss some of the common violations cyclists make and where experts will clarify gray areas in older laws as well as the new law requiring motorists to pass cyclists at a safe distance.

Karolyi was unable to identify the advocacy group working with the city and he referred me to Lt. Maddox, the force’s training officer.A call to Maddox was not returned in time for this post. Stay tuned for a follow-up on the Decatur Police bicycle safety  training.

Updated (9/21/2011): Read the follow-up to this post on the October 11, 2011, Decatur Police Department cycling training session. 

[Read the 2012 postscript]

 

Charlotte Coffield used a bridge to teach Black history

For Charlotte Coffield, Black history wasn’t something she would pull from a closet shelf and dust off for one month each year and talk about it to White audiences. Every month was Black History Month. Charlotte didn’t need to open a book or go to a museum to see the faces of the Black men and women who changed their communities and our nation for the better. All Charlotte had to do was find the nearest object where she could see her own reflection. Charlotte Annieperry Coffield died September 11, 2024. She was 91.

Charlotte Coffield speaks during the 2018 Talbot Avenue Bridge centennial celebration. Photo by David S. Rotenstein.

Charlotte lived her entire life in a suburban Washington, D.C., community called Lyttonsville. For most of its history, Lyttonsville was Silver Spring, Maryland’s, other side of the tracks. Founded in 1853 when a free Black man, Samuel Lytton, bought a four-acre farm, the community became one of more than 40 rural all-Black enclaves or hamlets in segregated Montgomery County, Maryland. Lyttonsville is a liminal space in-betwixt and between Black and White, suburban and rural, North and South. Charlotte Coffield’s story parallels the community’s history and then became an indelible part of Lyttonsville’s history as she dedicated the last years of her life to preserving it.

Growing up in Lyttonsville, Charlotte lived in a home without running water and in a neighborhood with no paved streets. She attended a two-room “colored school” and like many Black people in Washington and its suburbs, she found a career in the federal workforce.

Charlotte worked as an assistant to Dr. Boyce Williams in the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Williams was hearing impaired and Charlotte learned sign language to communicate with him. Charlotte became the first American Sign Language interpreter in the federal government and she pioneered new workplace tools for hearing impaired people. Charlotte’s work earned wide acclaim and Gallaudet University awarded her an honorary doctorate.

August 1960 “The Maryland C&P Call” clipping from an article featuring Charlotte Coffield’s pioneering interpretive tools for hearing impaired people in the workplace. Courtesy of Charlotte Coffield.

After she retired, Charlotte dedicated her life to activism and to undoing decades of erasure of Lyttonsville’s history and people by local historians, historic preservationists, and government agencies. The final chapter in Coffield’s life involved uplifting the story of the Talbot Avenue Bridge, an old railroad bridge that connected Lyttonsville with Silver Spring, a sundown suburb where Black people couldn’t buy homes, see movies, or eat in restaurants.

That’s the abridged version of Charlotte’s story, one that might have been suitable for a Washington Post obituary, had the newspaper that had no qualms extracting her knowledge of Black history for its readers bothered to write one. There was much more to Coffield’s story and her immersion in Black history as a subject and a way of life. I first met Charlotte Coffield in 2016 when I interviewed her for my research into gentrification and erasure. We exchanged information in dialogues about history and public policy. In 2018, we became collaborators to celebrate the Talbot Avenue Bridge’s centennial and efforts to ensure its commemoration after its demolition. What follows draws from my interviews and collaborations with Charlotte, my friend and my teacher.

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Louis Bellinger was a Pittsburgh architect worth knowing

Louis Arnett Sargent Bellinger was Pittsburgh’s only Black licensed and practicing professional architect for more than 25 years. The Hill District resident designed and contributed to the construction of some of the city’s most historically significant buildings, including the Central Amusement Park, Greenlee Field, and the Pythian Temple (New Grenada Theater).

Few photos of Louis A.S. Bellinger have survived. They are grainy copies preserved in microfilmed newspaper articles, like this one published in the Pittsburgh Courier in 1927.

Bellinger was a South Carolina native who came from a family of builders and entrepreneurs. He was born in 1891 in Sumter, South Carolina, a city about 50 miles east of Columbia, the state capital. The Bellingers had deep ties to the Low Country and the Charleston area. That’s where Louis was raised and went to school.

He was one of 10 children of carpenter and self-employed contractor George Bellinger and his wife, Florence. Many Bellingers, by blood and marriage, worked in the building trades as carpenters and masons.

Before the Civil War, some Bellingers had been enslaved by the Middleton family. Their Charleston plantation is now a National Historic Landmark and some Bellingers use the Middleton name. Their ranks in South Carolina include religious and civic leaders, entrepreneurs, educators and at least one politician (and former Tuskegee Airman) — Earl M. Middleton, who was a state legislator in South Carolina.

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Atlanta’s all-white newsroom

Last week, Decaturish, the blog parked at decaturish.com, announced a new newsroom hire: Jim Bass, a recent University of Georgia graduate. He joined founder Dan Whisenhunt and assistant editor Zoe Seiler as the 10-year-old blog’s third full-time staff member. Decaturish takes its name from the suburban city where it was founded, Decatur.

Decatur is the seat of DeKalb County, Georgia, one of five counties that form the historic core of Atlanta’s sprawling metropolitan area. Atlanta itself has long been called a Black Mecca for its substantial Black population and African American institutions, from successful Black business empires to the arts and some of the nation’s most prestigious HBCUs. DeKalb County itself has a significant Black history and Black residents comprise 53% of the county’s current population.

Commemorative marker adjacent to Decatur City Hall. The plaque contains a condensed version of the city’s origin story and its first motto: “A city of homes, schools, and churches.”

Decatur’s city hall is about six miles east of downtown Atlanta’s Georgia state capitol. It’s a city with a tangled racist and exclusionary history that includes a school week designed to keep Jews from living inside the city limits, urban renewal, and aggressive gentrification that decimated a once prominent Black population and all of the city’s affordable housing.

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Pittsburgh’s Historic Review Commission misses the history

Earlier this week I attended a Pittsburgh Historic Review Commission hearing to cover the proposed designation of a landmark gay bar, Donny’s Place, as a city historic site. One of the regulatory agenda items ahead of the designation case involved a property owner’s proposal to rework the facade of a building in the Mexican War Streets Historic District.

Proposed facade alterations for the former Caruso beer distributorship building shown to the Pittsburgh Historic Review Commission February 5, 2025.

Located on the corner of Taylor Avenue and Wolfrum Way, the one-story commercial building has a long history. In the 1919, Angelo Lascher opened an auto repair shop there. Its facade with multiple garage doors reflected the business done inside. Lascher sold the property in 1966 to Sam Caruso, who owned a nearby beer distributor.

Caruso’s beer distributorship photographed in 2021 before it closed. Photo by David Rotenstein.
1925 real estate atlas showing the location of Angelo Lascher’s garage.
Angelo Lascher’s auto repair business regularly appeared in auto parts manufacturers’ ads published in Pittsburgh newspapers. This ad was published July 17, 1930, in the Pittsburgh Press.
Sam Caruso placed this help wanted ad in the Pittsburgh Press on June 15, 1969.

After moving into the former Lascher auto repair shop, Caruso followed a familiar and historically significant pattern in Pennsylvania by converting a garage into a beer distributorship. There are several notable Pittsburgh examples, including the former Tito brothers bootlegging site that became the first place where Rolling Rock beer was sold in the 1930s.

Former Tito brothers bootlegging garage turned beer distributorship. The Pittsburgh City Council designated the building as a historic site, along with the neighboring house where Joe Tito lived. In 2023, the Pittsburgh Historic Review Commission voted to allow the garage’s demolition. Photo by David Rotenstein.

Sam Caruso’s heirs closed the beer distributorship in 2021 and the current owner bought the property in 2024. John Francona, who represented the LLC that bought the property, told the HRC:

It’s kind of been an eyesore since I moved in the neighborhood 26 years ago, but it was a beer distributor so everyone liked it. I’m not exactly sure what it was built as. It could have been built as garages, but it’s a lot of garages for a single-family house. So, it may have been retail. I’m not sure when it became the beer distributor but it’s been there for a long time.

Pittsburgh historic preservation planner Sarah Quinn didn’t have much to offer in the way of the building’s history or the potential impacts posed by the proposed facade work. “The scope of work is restoration of [a] commercial façade along North Taylor Avenue,” Quinn told commissioners. “Staff comments are the proposal is very appropriate and will bring [the] storefront into accordance with the guidelines. Recommended motion is approval.”

The HRC unanimously approved the project.

It doesn’t take a Ph.D. in history or architectural history to uncover the former beer distributorship’s history and architectural significance. All it would have required is a little bit of curiosity and research.

©2025 D.S. Rotenstein

A year in vice and the arts

Last week I highlighted some of my work writing about racism and real estate in 2024. I’ll wrap up this look back on 2024 with a spin through Pittsburgh’s organized crime history and the arts. But first, I want to go a little further back in time to 1991. I was freelancing for an Atlanta alt-weekly, covering blues music, and I kept landing interviews with bigger and bigger acts for the small, new, little known, and short-lived FOOTNOTES. I leveraged my contacts in the academic world to use their connections in the entertainment industry.

On February 27, 1991, I drove from Atlanta to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to interview ZZ Top. The band was touring to support its new blues-heavy Recycler album. The album hit in all the right places and I wanted to interview the band before its March Atlanta gig. One big roadblock stood in my way: ZZ Top wasn’t giving interviews while touring. I reached out to Bill Ferris, who was then at the University of Mississippi, and Bill reached out to a few people he knew. Within a couple of weeks, I had an all-access pass, a photo pass, and 30 minutes with the band after the show.

I returned to Atlanta with a taped interview and a roll of color slides from the concert. A veteran news photographer had taught me how to “push” film to shoot concert photos without flash — a skill that’s now obsolete thanks to digital photography.

A couple of weeks after I got the interview, FOOTNOTES went out of print. I was sitting on a killer interview and I had nowhere to publish it. I had only broken into journalism 6 months earlier and I still had a lot to learn. Digging into the same toolbox that got me the interview, the Charlotte Observer, Biloxi Sun-Herald, and a few other Knight-Ridder newspapers published the interview and a brief piece I wrote about The Black Crowes getting fired from the tour. And, my photos also made their way into print, including a one published as a spread in the Biloxi Sun-Herald’s weekend magazine.

Biloxi Sun-Herald Marquis weekend magazine, April 12, 1991.

The contacts I made shopping the ZZ Top interview led to my biggest break yet: a freelance gig covering folk music and writing features for the Philadelphia Inquirer. It had been less than a year since I had gotten my first paid byline.

Between 1990 and 1994, I wrote a lot of stories about music for newspapers and magazines. I moved to Pittsburgh from Philadelphia to take an archaeology job while writing my University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation. It didn’t take long for me to land a freelance gig with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: I had an inside track because I had interviewed the paper’s managing editor for a an Inquirer story I wrote about the Pittsburgh newspaper’s long-running strike (a thing that keeps happening).

For the Post-Gazette, I stuck to familiar territory: music and features. To make a little extra money, I agreed to work as a municipal stringer covering suburban governments. My assignment: Penn Hills.

Post-Gazette, Aug. 8, 1994.

Thirty years later, I returned to Penn Hills. The suburban municipality dominated much of my 2024 reporting on race and housing. Though Penn Hills subdivisions were a key part of my work on redlining and racially restrictive deed covenants, one book took me deeper inside the suburb: Benjamin Herold’s Disillusioned: Five Families and the Unraveling of America’s Suburbs (Penguin Press). The Heinz History Center invited me to review the book for its magazine, Western Pennsylvania History. Herold had grown up in Penn Hills and the book turns on the stories of families there and in four other suburbs around the country, including the Atlanta area.

I liked the book and there was lots to think about, considering much of my work on gentrification and erasure has been in the Atlanta suburbs. After I finished reading Disillusioned and writing the review, I wanted to learn more about Herold’s work. An email exchange led to an interview for a feature on him and his book that NEXTpittsburgh published in April.

While digging into Herold’s story, I stumbled upon the crazy tale of Stanley and Gloria Karstadt, the family who sold the Herolds their Penn Hills home. The couple had moved to Pittsburgh from New York City in the early 1950s. By that point, Gloria had had Stanley locked up in New York’s infamous Riker’s Island jail for failing to pay their bills.

“The Karstadts’ marriage was already on the skids when they bought their [Penn Hills] home,” I wrote in the NEXTpittsburgh article. Stanley had problems with monogamy and by the time their divorce case was working its way through Allegheny County civil courts, Stanley was being prosecuted in Allegheny criminal courts for possessing stolen property and writing bad checks.

I couldn’t have made up that story if I had tried. As I wrote in my NEXTpittsburgh piece, “The Karstadts certainly were not the Cleavers.”

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Snapshots from a year in journalism and public history

What a year. I did a lot of writing about a diverse array of subjects, including housing, social justice, orphanages, ethnic clubs, books about Pittsburgh and its suburbs, and crime — lots of crime. I had the good fortune to meet many wonderful people willing to tell me their stories. The editors who published my work helped me to bring those important stories to readers, some of whom became collaborators on future stories. None of what I accomplished in 2024 would have happened without their help.

I was humbled by the amount of trust so many people placed in me and the risks some of them took to collaborate with me to help tell their stories. One woman whose former neighborhood is being destroyed by her local government turned the tables on me in a conversation we had in August in her mother’s suburban living room.

“How did you get into doing this particular type of work,” she asked me.

“What do you mean,” I replied.

The woman explained:

She’s talked to 100 people. No one’s ever come to talk to her before. Not once. Not once, certainly not twice.

So what intrigued you to dig, to delve?

After more than 20 years of trying to get the attention of local, state, and federal officials, civil rights organizations, and journalists, I was the only reporter who didn’t walk away from her mother’s story.

The woman’s statement underscores how much my experience in public history and ethnography informs my journalism.

Off the printed page and device screens, I did several public programs, including a community history talk celebrating the South Side Carnegie Public Library branch’s centennial and two programs for the Jewish Association on Aging’s Weinberg Terrace residents.

Through Steel City Vice, my public history engagement experiment, I began leading organized crime history walking tours in Pittsburgh’s South Side neighborhood. Though the route and script were constant, each tour was different because of the people who participated. Some of the people who took the tour had family members who were in numbers gambling or themselves participated in the culture. A retired vice cop took one of the tours and added fleshed out my narratives in some colorful and unexpected ways.

South Side by the Numbers walking tour, June 2024.
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Displaced But Not Erased: A Documentary about Black History in Decatur, Georgia

Piedmont University film student Jarrett Ray produced a documentary film about his family’s hometown: Decatur, Georgia. Jarrett reached out to me to let me know about the film. I asked him about it and here’s what he wrote:

For my film capstone, I decided to do a documentary on the history of the Beacon community in Decatur. The inspiration came from my father, who is also from the community, but growing up, he never shared in depth details on where he was from.

The documentary is posted on YouTube.

The film’s title is a nod to the 2020 walking tour that I designed for the National Council on Public History:

Acorn Park Revisited

In 2017, I organized events aimed at persuading Montgomery County, Maryland, leaders to tell a more accurate and inclusive story in a Silver Spring park. The events generated some media buzz and I wrote several articles and a book chapter about them. In the end, though, nothing happened.

Protesting Invisibility, Acorn Urban Park, Silver Spring, Maryland, June 2017.

Or did something change?

Acorn Park and the adjacent Silver Spring Memory Wall still tell a whitewashed and exclusionary story. Nothing has changed there. But beyond the park, scholars, journalists, and residents now describe Silver Spring as a sundown suburb. Local planners have incorporated my research into new policy documents on creating equity in Montgomery County.

Earlier this year, a Baltimore planner published a podcast episode, “Story Shift: Acorn Park.”

Screenshot from Acorn Park podcast (October 2024).

Podcaster Zoe Roane-Hopkins recounted the park’s history, including its new chapters added in 2017. Her observations about the park in 2024 speak volumes to how effective my efforts were: they raised awareness, but accomplished nothing in terms of changing the narrative in the park:

In 2017, the Maryland National Capital Parks and Planning Commission was solicited in public feedback for improvements to Acorn Park and in response, local nonprofit Impact Silver Spring and showing up for racial justice, Montgomery County joined together to stage a protest at Acorn Park to highlight the continued lack of visibility for black folks through public art in the park.  They called for an increase in accurate representation in stories in public art and proposed suggestions to do this at the Acorn Park site …

… When I visited Acorn Park for this episode, there was no evidence of any moves to rewrite the narrative of this little green space to be more representative.

Zoe Roan-Hopkins, Story Shift: Acorn Park

The changes are small, but positive. Perhaps one of these days, Montgomery County will get around to scrubbing off some of the whitewash.

© 2024 D.S. Rotenstein