A year in vice and the arts

Last week I highlighted some of my work writing about racism and real estate in 2024. I’ll wrap up this look back on 2024 with a spin through Pittsburgh’s organized crime history and the arts. But first, I want to go a little further back in time to 1991. I was freelancing for an Atlanta alt-weekly, covering blues music, and I kept landing interviews with bigger and bigger acts for the small, new, little known, and short-lived FOOTNOTES. I leveraged my contacts in the academic world to use their connections in the entertainment industry.

On February 27, 1991, I drove from Atlanta to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to interview ZZ Top. The band was touring to support its new blues-heavy Recycler album. The album hit in all the right places and I wanted to interview the band before its March Atlanta gig. One big roadblock stood in my way: ZZ Top wasn’t giving interviews while touring. I reached out to Bill Ferris, who was then at the University of Mississippi, and Bill reached out to a few people he knew. Within a couple of weeks, I had an all-access pass, a photo pass, and 30 minutes with the band after the show.

I returned to Atlanta with a taped interview and a roll of color slides from the concert. A veteran news photographer had taught me how to “push” film to shoot concert photos without flash — a skill that’s now obsolete thanks to digital photography.

A couple of weeks after I got the interview, FOOTNOTES went out of print. I was sitting on a killer interview and I had nowhere to publish it. I had only broken into journalism 6 months earlier and I still had a lot to learn. Digging into the same toolbox that got me the interview, the Charlotte Observer, Biloxi Sun-Herald, and a few other Knight-Ridder newspapers published the interview and a brief piece I wrote about The Black Crowes getting fired from the tour. And, my photos also made their way into print, including a one published as a spread in the Biloxi Sun-Herald’s weekend magazine.

Biloxi Sun-Herald Marquis weekend magazine, April 12, 1991.

The contacts I made shopping the ZZ Top interview led to my biggest break yet: a freelance gig covering folk music and writing features for the Philadelphia Inquirer. It had been less than a year since I had gotten my first paid byline.

Between 1990 and 1994, I wrote a lot of stories about music for newspapers and magazines. I moved to Pittsburgh from Philadelphia to take an archaeology job while writing my University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation. It didn’t take long for me to land a freelance gig with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: I had an inside track because I had interviewed the paper’s managing editor for a an Inquirer story I wrote about the Pittsburgh newspaper’s long-running strike (a thing that keeps happening).

For the Post-Gazette, I stuck to familiar territory: music and features. To make a little extra money, I agreed to work as a municipal stringer covering suburban governments. My assignment: Penn Hills.

Post-Gazette, Aug. 8, 1994.

Thirty years later, I returned to Penn Hills. The suburban municipality dominated much of my 2024 reporting on race and housing. Though Penn Hills subdivisions were a key part of my work on redlining and racially restrictive deed covenants, one book took me deeper inside the suburb: Benjamin Herold’s Disillusioned: Five Families and the Unraveling of America’s Suburbs (Penguin Press). The Heinz History Center invited me to review the book for its magazine, Western Pennsylvania History. Herold had grown up in Penn Hills and the book turns on the stories of families there and in four other suburbs around the country, including the Atlanta area.

I liked the book and there was lots to think about, considering much of my work on gentrification and erasure has been in the Atlanta suburbs. After I finished reading Disillusioned and writing the review, I wanted to learn more about Herold’s work. An email exchange led to an interview for a feature on him and his book that NEXTpittsburgh published in April.

While digging into Herold’s story, I stumbled upon the crazy tale of Stanley and Gloria Karstadt, the family who sold the Herolds their Penn Hills home. The couple had moved to Pittsburgh from New York City in the early 1950s. By that point, Gloria had had Stanley locked up in New York’s infamous Riker’s Island jail for failing to pay their bills.

“The Karstadts’ marriage was already on the skids when they bought their [Penn Hills] home,” I wrote in the NEXTpittsburgh article. Stanley had problems with monogamy and by the time their divorce case was working its way through Allegheny County civil courts, Stanley was being prosecuted in Allegheny criminal courts for possessing stolen property and writing bad checks.

I couldn’t have made up that story if I had tried. As I wrote in my NEXTpittsburgh piece, “The Karstadts certainly were not the Cleavers.”

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Acorn Park Revisited

In 2017, I organized events aimed at persuading Montgomery County, Maryland, leaders to tell a more accurate and inclusive story in a Silver Spring park. The events generated some media buzz and I wrote several articles and a book chapter about them. In the end, though, nothing happened.

Protesting Invisibility, Acorn Urban Park, Silver Spring, Maryland, June 2017.

Or did something change?

Acorn Park and the adjacent Silver Spring Memory Wall still tell a whitewashed and exclusionary story. Nothing has changed there. But beyond the park, scholars, journalists, and residents now describe Silver Spring as a sundown suburb. Local planners have incorporated my research into new policy documents on creating equity in Montgomery County.

Earlier this year, a Baltimore planner published a podcast episode, “Story Shift: Acorn Park.”

Screenshot from Acorn Park podcast (October 2024).

Podcaster Zoe Roane-Hopkins recounted the park’s history, including its new chapters added in 2017. Her observations about the park in 2024 speak volumes to how effective my efforts were: they raised awareness, but accomplished nothing in terms of changing the narrative in the park:

In 2017, the Maryland National Capital Parks and Planning Commission was solicited in public feedback for improvements to Acorn Park and in response, local nonprofit Impact Silver Spring and showing up for racial justice, Montgomery County joined together to stage a protest at Acorn Park to highlight the continued lack of visibility for black folks through public art in the park.  They called for an increase in accurate representation in stories in public art and proposed suggestions to do this at the Acorn Park site …

… When I visited Acorn Park for this episode, there was no evidence of any moves to rewrite the narrative of this little green space to be more representative.

Zoe Roan-Hopkins, Story Shift: Acorn Park

The changes are small, but positive. Perhaps one of these days, Montgomery County will get around to scrubbing off some of the whitewash.

© 2024 D.S. Rotenstein

Stanley’s Tavern

Stanley Williams was a restaurateur and nightclub owner who left an indelible imprint in the Hill District and in Pittsburgh history. He and his two brothers, Alexander and Charles, had emigrated from Barbados. Stanley and Alexander Williams owned and operated the city’s first Black-owned professional sports stadium, the Central Amusement Park.

Stanley, born in 1900, was the youngest Williams brother, and arrived in Pittsburgh at age 13. According to one 1955 Pittsburgh Courier profile, he came to Pittsburgh to study dentistry at the University of Pittsburgh. Instead, he entered the entertainment and hospitality industry. Before striking out on his own, Stanley went to work with his older brothers running a pool hall in the basement of Burke’s Hall (later, the Rhumba Theater).

Between 1926 and 1933 Stanley worked as a waiter and he tried his hand running several businesses with his brother Charles and other Hill District entrepreneurs. These included a Wylie Avenue confectionary and pool hall.

In 1933, he opened Stanley’s Inn, located in rented space at 1506 Wylie Ave. Ads in the Courier touted the new cabaret as “The classiest early dawnin’ place in town” with “hot-cha music” and “delicious food.” Alvin Austin, a dentist by day and nightclub crooner by night, provided the soundtrack. “Plenty of zip and bang and rhythm,” the Courier reported “… the kind of music that goes with 3.2 [beer].”

Original Stanley’s Tavern location at 1506 Wylie Ave. Gus Greenlee had bought a pool hall in the M.J. Farrell Building basement in the early 1920s. Stanley acquired the business from Greenlee about five years later and he operated the pool hall until opening the nightclub in 1933. Photo courtesy Pittsburgh City Archives.
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Today on City Cast Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh’s racist real estate history

I’m on today’s City Cast Pittsburgh talking about racism and real estate. One of the takeaways from my PublicSource reporting was that unlike other places, so far the only racial and ethnic exclusions that I have identified in Pittsburgh area deeds exclude Black people from buying and renting homes. All of the deeds with racially restrictive deed covenants that I sampled for the PublicSource investigation were limited to people of African descent.

Racially restrictive deed covenant filed in 1940 for a Sewickley subdivision.
Racially restrictive deed covenant filed in 1929 for a McCandless Township subdivision.

These examples from Erie, Pennsylvania, and the DC suburbs show a laundry list of racist, anti-semitic, and xenophobic exclusions.

Deed filed in Erie County, Pennsylvania, in 1924 with racial and ethnic exclusions.
Deed filed in Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1947 with racial and ethnic exclusions.

I make the point in the City Cast podcast that Pittsburgh’s racially restrictive deed covenants underscore the metropolitan area’s historical and contemporary racism that led to Southern Black migrants dubbing Pittsburgh the “Mississippi of the North.”

Listen to the complete City Cast podcast here:

A visit to the Pittsburgh eruv

Introduction

The Fern Hollow Bridge collapsed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the pre-dawn hours of Friday January 28, 2022. The structure had carried Forbes Avenue across a steeply sloped stream valley on the eastern edge of Frick Park. Constructed in 1901 and replaced in 1973, the Fern Hollow Bridge and Forbes Avenue comprised a large segment of the Pittsburgh eruv’s northern boundary. Stone walls, some laid by masons and another the sheer face of a steep hill, carried the boundary to the bridge’s approaches. Then, using metal poles and then light poles along the bridge’s spans, the eruv boundary crossed from west to east. When the bridge fell that cold winter morning, Pittsburgh residents lost critical transportation and spiritual infrastructure.

Forbes Avenue entrance to Frick Park and approach to the Fern Hollow Bridge, December 2022. Photo by David S. Rotenstein.

Pittsburgh has had an eruv since 1986. The Pittsburgh eruv originally wrapped around the city’s Squirrel Hill neighborhood, an area with many synagogues, Jewish day schools, and stores catering to Pittsburgh’s large Jewish community. Later expansions added several nearby neighborhoods and institutions serving Jews, including universities (Carnegie-Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh, Carlow University, and Chatham College) and several hospitals. The Fern Hollow Bridge is located in an expansion area added in the early 1990s. Currently, the Pittsburgh eruv covers 6.7 square miles with an approximate 16-mile perimeter.

Eruv Map.jpg: Maps showing the Pittsburgh eruv boundary prior to a 2022 expansion and the Fern Hollow Bridge location. Adapted from https://www.pittsburgheruv.org/eruv-map.

A city marked by three rivers, many stream valleys, and steep topography, Pittsburgh has 446 bridges in its city limits. Though the investigation into the cause of the Fern Hollow Bridge collapse is ongoing, preliminary assessments point to deferred maintenance and a significantly deteriorated substructure. A Pittsburgh Post-Gazette investigation in the months after the collapse revealed that the Fern Hollow Bridge was one of many in the city and region rated poor and potentially dangerous.

It took less than a year for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to design and rebuild the Fern Hollow Bridge. Just before it reopened, I reported on the eruv and the bridge collapse for NEXTpittsburgh, a local online news outlet. This post expands on that reporting.

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Bad History

Ann Crichton was elected to the Decatur, Ga., City Commission in 1971. Her colleagues in 1977 selected her as mayor of the municipality that is organized under the “council-mayor” form in which the mayor is a ceremonial position. Individuals are “elected” by their peers to chair city commission meetings and to perform other symbolic functions.

Crichton, an Agnes Scott College graduate, became a nationally recognized expert in municipal government, community development, and affordable housing. After being ousted from office in 1979, Crichton went on to serve as President Jimmy Carter’s Atlanta-based regional director of the Economic Development Administration. After that, Crichton briefly moved to the United Kingdom before returning to Atlanta and founding her own economic development consulting business.

Then-Decatur Mayor Ann Crichton and then-Baltimore Mayor Walter Orlinsky representing the National League of Cities appeared before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, Feb. 25, 1977.
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The Community Builder

I can remember seeing this book, Lemon Swamp and Other Places: A Carolina Memoir, on bookstore shelves while living in Atlanta in the 1980s and 1990s. For whatever reason I never bought it or read it. That all changed a few months ago after I began researching a “forgotten” Pittsburgh Negro Leagues ballpark and the people involved in its development, etc. It turns out that Louis Bellinger (1891-1946), the only licensed and practicing Black architect in Pittsburgh between 1919 and his death in 1946, designed and built the stadium in 1920. And, he built Greenlee Field a dozen years later. This book is a memoir of the extended Bellinger family and their lives in South Carolina. Louis left Charleston in the teens and ended up in Pittsburgh in 1919. His father and brothers joined him by 1926. But it’s not just a window into the architect’s life. It also offers a glimpse into the life of Walter Bellinger (1901-1965), Louis’s younger brother.

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The Whitewash

In the spring of 2021, a group of Decatur, Ga., residents approached local institutions with a request for information about the history of Juneteenth in the city. They wrote to the DeKalb History Center and to city officials, including assistant city manager Linda Harris.

Harris replied to an initial query by directing the group to the City’s “Historic Decatur” web page and to a page dedicated to the history of Decatur’s erased Beacon community. It’s curious that Harris would direct someone asking about Black history in Decatur to the “Historic Decatur” page because the information there only discusses white history and Black history is completely absent. In fact, the page is such a clearcut example of whitewashed history that I use in in my lectures, one as recently as August 6, 2022.

Slide used in Black history presentation delivered at Berry College, Rome, Ga., Aug. 6, 2022.
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A little Pittsburgh demo porn

Just a reminder that the Lawrenceville Historical Society program on the former Federal Cold Storage Co. building and Lucky’s bar is next week. There’s lots to cover, from ice entrepreneurs to mobsters to Pittsburgh’s gay community. One fun part of the program will be discussing the documentation over the past year of the cold storage company building’s demolition.

https://youtu.be/dghHr-BeF4M

For a deeper dive into the Federal Cold Storage Company building, check out the new Society for Industrial Archeology newsletter. Not a member? No problem, copies will be available at the program.

Memories of Silver Spring’s Doughnut Shop

Last week, the Silver Spring Historical Society (Silver Spring, Maryland) invited its Facebook audience to share stories about a donut shop. The society (which really isn’t a society; it’s four boomer building huggers) is short on history and steeped in nostalgia that celebrates the white supremacists who “built” Silver Spring and erases Black history. This post accepts the historical society’s request for “specific memories” of the site.

Silver Spring Historical Society Facebook post, June 3, 2022. https://www.facebook.com/sshistory/posts/2274102266087989

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