A year in vice and the arts

Last week I highlighted some of my work writing about racism and real estate in 2024. I’ll wrap up this look back on 2024 with a spin through Pittsburgh’s organized crime history and the arts. But first, I want to go a little further back in time to 1991. I was freelancing for an Atlanta alt-weekly, covering blues music, and I kept landing interviews with bigger and bigger acts for the small, new, little known, and short-lived FOOTNOTES. I leveraged my contacts in the academic world to use their connections in the entertainment industry.

On February 27, 1991, I drove from Atlanta to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to interview ZZ Top. The band was touring to support its new blues-heavy Recycler album. The album hit in all the right places and I wanted to interview the band before its March Atlanta gig. One big roadblock stood in my way: ZZ Top wasn’t giving interviews while touring. I reached out to Bill Ferris, who was then at the University of Mississippi, and Bill reached out to a few people he knew. Within a couple of weeks, I had an all-access pass, a photo pass, and 30 minutes with the band after the show.

I returned to Atlanta with a taped interview and a roll of color slides from the concert. A veteran news photographer had taught me how to “push” film to shoot concert photos without flash — a skill that’s now obsolete thanks to digital photography.

A couple of weeks after I got the interview, FOOTNOTES went out of print. I was sitting on a killer interview and I had nowhere to publish it. I had only broken into journalism 6 months earlier and I still had a lot to learn. Digging into the same toolbox that got me the interview, the Charlotte Observer, Biloxi Sun-Herald, and a few other Knight-Ridder newspapers published the interview and a brief piece I wrote about The Black Crowes getting fired from the tour. And, my photos also made their way into print, including a one published as a spread in the Biloxi Sun-Herald’s weekend magazine.

Biloxi Sun-Herald Marquis weekend magazine, April 12, 1991.

The contacts I made shopping the ZZ Top interview led to my biggest break yet: a freelance gig covering folk music and writing features for the Philadelphia Inquirer. It had been less than a year since I had gotten my first paid byline.

Between 1990 and 1994, I wrote a lot of stories about music for newspapers and magazines. I moved to Pittsburgh from Philadelphia to take an archaeology job while writing my University of Pennsylvania Ph.D. dissertation. It didn’t take long for me to land a freelance gig with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: I had an inside track because I had interviewed the paper’s managing editor for a an Inquirer story I wrote about the Pittsburgh newspaper’s long-running strike (a thing that keeps happening).

For the Post-Gazette, I stuck to familiar territory: music and features. To make a little extra money, I agreed to work as a municipal stringer covering suburban governments. My assignment: Penn Hills.

Post-Gazette, Aug. 8, 1994.

Thirty years later, I returned to Penn Hills. The suburban municipality dominated much of my 2024 reporting on race and housing. Though Penn Hills subdivisions were a key part of my work on redlining and racially restrictive deed covenants, one book took me deeper inside the suburb: Benjamin Herold’s Disillusioned: Five Families and the Unraveling of America’s Suburbs (Penguin Press). The Heinz History Center invited me to review the book for its magazine, Western Pennsylvania History. Herold had grown up in Penn Hills and the book turns on the stories of families there and in four other suburbs around the country, including the Atlanta area.

I liked the book and there was lots to think about, considering much of my work on gentrification and erasure has been in the Atlanta suburbs. After I finished reading Disillusioned and writing the review, I wanted to learn more about Herold’s work. An email exchange led to an interview for a feature on him and his book that NEXTpittsburgh published in April.

While digging into Herold’s story, I stumbled upon the crazy tale of Stanley and Gloria Karstadt, the family who sold the Herolds their Penn Hills home. The couple had moved to Pittsburgh from New York City in the early 1950s. By that point, Gloria had had Stanley locked up in New York’s infamous Riker’s Island jail for failing to pay their bills.

“The Karstadts’ marriage was already on the skids when they bought their [Penn Hills] home,” I wrote in the NEXTpittsburgh article. Stanley had problems with monogamy and by the time their divorce case was working its way through Allegheny County civil courts, Stanley was being prosecuted in Allegheny criminal courts for possessing stolen property and writing bad checks.

I couldn’t have made up that story if I had tried. As I wrote in my NEXTpittsburgh piece, “The Karstadts certainly were not the Cleavers.”

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Snapshots from a year in journalism and public history

What a year. I did a lot of writing about a diverse array of subjects, including housing, social justice, orphanages, ethnic clubs, books about Pittsburgh and its suburbs, and crime — lots of crime. I had the good fortune to meet many wonderful people willing to tell me their stories. The editors who published my work helped me to bring those important stories to readers, some of whom became collaborators on future stories. None of what I accomplished in 2024 would have happened without their help.

I was humbled by the amount of trust so many people placed in me and the risks some of them took to collaborate with me to help tell their stories. One woman whose former neighborhood is being destroyed by her local government turned the tables on me in a conversation we had in August in her mother’s suburban living room.

“How did you get into doing this particular type of work,” she asked me.

“What do you mean,” I replied.

The woman explained:

She’s talked to 100 people. No one’s ever come to talk to her before. Not once. Not once, certainly not twice.

So what intrigued you to dig, to delve?

After more than 20 years of trying to get the attention of local, state, and federal officials, civil rights organizations, and journalists, I was the only reporter who didn’t walk away from her mother’s story.

The woman’s statement underscores how much my experience in public history and ethnography informs my journalism.

Off the printed page and device screens, I did several public programs, including a community history talk celebrating the South Side Carnegie Public Library branch’s centennial and two programs for the Jewish Association on Aging’s Weinberg Terrace residents.

Through Steel City Vice, my public history engagement experiment, I began leading organized crime history walking tours in Pittsburgh’s South Side neighborhood. Though the route and script were constant, each tour was different because of the people who participated. Some of the people who took the tour had family members who were in numbers gambling or themselves participated in the culture. A retired vice cop took one of the tours and added fleshed out my narratives in some colorful and unexpected ways.

South Side by the Numbers walking tour, June 2024.
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Displaced But Not Erased: A Documentary about Black History in Decatur, Georgia

Piedmont University film student Jarrett Ray produced a documentary film about his family’s hometown: Decatur, Georgia. Jarrett reached out to me to let me know about the film. I asked him about it and here’s what he wrote:

For my film capstone, I decided to do a documentary on the history of the Beacon community in Decatur. The inspiration came from my father, who is also from the community, but growing up, he never shared in depth details on where he was from.

The documentary is posted on YouTube.

The film’s title is a nod to the 2020 walking tour that I designed for the National Council on Public History:

Acorn Park Revisited

In 2017, I organized events aimed at persuading Montgomery County, Maryland, leaders to tell a more accurate and inclusive story in a Silver Spring park. The events generated some media buzz and I wrote several articles and a book chapter about them. In the end, though, nothing happened.

Protesting Invisibility, Acorn Urban Park, Silver Spring, Maryland, June 2017.

Or did something change?

Acorn Park and the adjacent Silver Spring Memory Wall still tell a whitewashed and exclusionary story. Nothing has changed there. But beyond the park, scholars, journalists, and residents now describe Silver Spring as a sundown suburb. Local planners have incorporated my research into new policy documents on creating equity in Montgomery County.

Earlier this year, a Baltimore planner published a podcast episode, “Story Shift: Acorn Park.”

Screenshot from Acorn Park podcast (October 2024).

Podcaster Zoe Roane-Hopkins recounted the park’s history, including its new chapters added in 2017. Her observations about the park in 2024 speak volumes to how effective my efforts were: they raised awareness, but accomplished nothing in terms of changing the narrative in the park:

In 2017, the Maryland National Capital Parks and Planning Commission was solicited in public feedback for improvements to Acorn Park and in response, local nonprofit Impact Silver Spring and showing up for racial justice, Montgomery County joined together to stage a protest at Acorn Park to highlight the continued lack of visibility for black folks through public art in the park.  They called for an increase in accurate representation in stories in public art and proposed suggestions to do this at the Acorn Park site …

… When I visited Acorn Park for this episode, there was no evidence of any moves to rewrite the narrative of this little green space to be more representative.

Zoe Roan-Hopkins, Story Shift: Acorn Park

The changes are small, but positive. Perhaps one of these days, Montgomery County will get around to scrubbing off some of the whitewash.

© 2024 D.S. Rotenstein

Joe Tito’s Hill District

Joseph “Joe” Tito was a bootlegger, numbers banker, and brewery executive. He was close friends with William A. “Gus” Greenlee. During Prohibition, the pair dominated illegal rackets throughout the city. They also made Negro Leagues baseball history as owners of the Pittsburgh Crawfords and Greenlee Field. After Prohibition ended, Tito and his brothers introduced one of Pennsylvania’s most iconic brands, Rolling Rock beer.

Joe Tito (standing, rear right) in an undated family photo. Tito’s parents are seated in the middle row: Rosa (second from the left) and Raphael (second from the Right). Photo courtesy of Richard Tito.

Born in 1890, Tito was the oldest of eight children Raphael and Rosa Tito had after arriving in Pittsburgh from their native Italy. The Titos lived in an extended family enclave on Gazzam Hill near the intersection of Kirkpatrick Street and Fifth Avenue. 

Gazzam Hill as seen from Pittsburgh’s South Side, 2024.
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Stanley’s Tavern

Stanley Williams was a restaurateur and nightclub owner who left an indelible imprint in the Hill District and in Pittsburgh history. He and his two brothers, Alexander and Charles, had emigrated from Barbados. Stanley and Alexander Williams owned and operated the city’s first Black-owned professional sports stadium, the Central Amusement Park.

Stanley, born in 1900, was the youngest Williams brother, and arrived in Pittsburgh at age 13. According to one 1955 Pittsburgh Courier profile, he came to Pittsburgh to study dentistry at the University of Pittsburgh. Instead, he entered the entertainment and hospitality industry. Before striking out on his own, Stanley went to work with his older brothers running a pool hall in the basement of Burke’s Hall (later, the Rhumba Theater).

Between 1926 and 1933 Stanley worked as a waiter and he tried his hand running several businesses with his brother Charles and other Hill District entrepreneurs. These included a Wylie Avenue confectionary and pool hall.

In 1933, he opened Stanley’s Inn, located in rented space at 1506 Wylie Ave. Ads in the Courier touted the new cabaret as “The classiest early dawnin’ place in town” with “hot-cha music” and “delicious food.” Alvin Austin, a dentist by day and nightclub crooner by night, provided the soundtrack. “Plenty of zip and bang and rhythm,” the Courier reported “… the kind of music that goes with 3.2 [beer].”

Original Stanley’s Tavern location at 1506 Wylie Ave. Gus Greenlee had bought a pool hall in the M.J. Farrell Building basement in the early 1920s. Stanley acquired the business from Greenlee about five years later and he operated the pool hall until opening the nightclub in 1933. Photo courtesy Pittsburgh City Archives.
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A stroll through Schenley Farms

Last month we signed up for a walking tour of Schenley Farms, a historic subdivision in Pittsburgh’s Oakland neighborhood. A local historic preservation group organized the tour and charged participants $20 per ticket; a Schenley Farms resident led the tour. Full disclosure: I’m a veteran walking tour consumer and I design and lead tours professionally. We had low expectations going into the tour and 90 minutes after it began and we walked away in disbelief that it was much worse than we anticipated.

This isn’t the place to pile onto an amateur tour guide or the tone-deaf and obsolete historic preservation organization behind the tour. Instead, it’s where I want to reflect on what was in the tour and what was missing.

What the tour had was lots of celebratory history about the wonderful white real estate developers, architects, and homeowners whose names are indelibly attached to the neighborhood. These included former university presidents, food company executives, and a popular amusement park founder.

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Erasure, Chapter X

Erasure is when a couple like Luther and Maudelena Johnson make history: he with a photo studio and she as a musician and music teacher. And,

The Pittsburgh Courier, January 12, 1929.
Screenshot

Erasure is when all that’s left of the Johnson studio is a parking lot (and a bronze plaque). And,

Erasure is when all that’s left of your suburban home is a vacant plot of grass.

Any questions?

Black journalism awards

Yesterday evening I took home two Pittsburgh Black Media Federation Robert L. Van awards of excellence in journalism. One was for my February 2023 feature on Pittsburgh’s Central Amusement Park, the first Black professional sports stadium in Pittsburgh (and maybe the United States). The other was for my June 2023 profile of historian Ralph Proctor Jr.

The awards are not mine alone. The article documenting Proctor’s life is his, too. I simply added a few hundred words to his already rich story. Proctor died earlier this year at age 85.

Dr. McDonald Williams was a literature professor and accomplished educator. He died in 2019 at age 101 after lobbying to have his father and uncles’ contributions to sports history recognized by the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office. There is still no historical marker commemorating the Williams family’s achievements.

Thank you professors Proctor and Williams (and Dr. Williams’ family) for your collaboration. These awards belong to you, too.

And, I couldn’t have won these awards without the support of my NEXTpittsburgh editor, Brian Hyslop. He makes my work better and he nominated me for these awards.

Fox Chapel was the whitest place I’ve ever lived

Tip for Journalists and Historians: When You Don’t See Blacks in a Community Ask Why — James Loewen, 2016.

My wife likes to say that we failed Fox Chapel. We moved to the Pittsburgh suburb in 2019 and we always knew it was a temporary stop. Our move back to Pittsburgh after leaving exactly 20 years earlier allowed us just one day to find housing. Fox Chapel was a familiar suburb, in many ways like Silver Spring, Maryland, and Decatur, Georgia. Just a few miles away from our 1990s home, its housing stock includes more modest brick Cape Cods, Colonial Revivals, and ranch houses with spacious yards and lots of trees. Not all of the homes there are manorial estates with brick and stone mansions.

And, like Decatur and Silver Spring, Fox Chapel was a sundown suburb, a place with a history defined by exclusion.

Fox Chapel was the whitest place I think I’ve ever lived. Unlike Silver Spring and Decatur, there wasn’t any collective effort to hide behind false white progressive liberal cloaks. We knew that our tax dollars wouldn’t be going to any municipally-sponsored racial reconciliation projects. We didn’t expect any Decatur Dinners or Community Conversations (Decatur flavor) or Community Conversations (Montgomery County flavor). Efforts like those do little to repair communities. They are, as I wrote for Next City in 2017, taxpayer-funded cosmetic efforts.

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